Ngowuphi umahluko phakathi kwabembi bezinto zakudala kunye nezilayishi?

The Ekuqaleni(1), yenzelwe kwihlalutya ngokwenkcazoukujonga

II-excavator,okwaziwa ngokuba ngoomatshini bokugrumba (oomatshini bokugrumba), okwaziwa ngokuba yi-excavator, ngumatshini ohambisa umhlaba osebenzisa i-emele ukugrumba izinto ezingaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kwendawo yokuthwala kwaye uyilayishe kwisithuthi sothutho okanye ukuyothula kwi-stockyard.

Izinto ezigrunjwe ngummbi ngokuyintloko ngumhlaba, amalahle, intlenga, umhlaba kunye nelitye emva kokukhulula.Xa sijonga kuphuhliso koomatshini bokwakha kule minyaka yakutsha nje, uphuhliso lweengcibi zikhawuleza kakhulu, kwaye abembi bezinto zakudala baye baba ngowona matshini ubalulekileyo wokwakha kulwakhiwo lobunjineli.Iiparamitha ezintathu ezibalulekileyo ze-excavator: ubunzima bokusebenza (ubunzima), amandla e-injini kunye nebhakethi, umthamo webhakethi.

Iisilayishi, njengoko igama lithetha "ukulayishwa", umsebenzi walo kukulayisha umhlaba kwilori, i-excavator nayo inokuyenza kodwa ingekho kakuhle njenge-loader, i-bulldozing yinto nje esecaleni ye-loader, kwaye umlayishi unevili, ngoko ke. inokubaleka endleleni, I-Excavators, i-bulldozers kunye nezinye iintlobo ze-crawler zinokuthuthwa kuphela ngeetreyila ukudlulisa indawo yokusebenza, ngoko kukho iimfuno ezikhethekileyo ngokubanzi kwi-drive system yomlayishi., oomatshini bokwakha umhlaba kunye namatye kwiiprojekthi zokwakha ezifana namazibuko kunye nemigodi.

The Isibini(2),yenzelwe kwingokwesakhiwokhangela

I-excavator: Izakhiwo eziqhelekileyo zomgobhozi ziquka iplanti yamandla, isixhobo esisebenzayo, isixhobo sokuxhela, indlela yokusebenza, indlela yokuhambisa, indlela yokuhamba kunye nezixhobo ezincedisayo, njl. njl. impompo yehydraulic yamacandelo ophumezo ukutyhala isixhobo esisebenzayo ukuba sigqibezele imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo.

Isilayishi: kubandakanya i-injini, isiguquli setorque, ibhokisi yegiya, iiasi zokuqhuba ngaphambili nangasemva, ezibizwa ngokuba ziindawo ezine eziphambili.

IIsithathu(3), isiseko kuMsebenzi ukujonga

I-Excavator: Izinto ezombiweyo zingumhlaba, amalahle, intlenga yentlenga, umhlaba kunye namatye emva kokuxebuka kwangaphambili.Xa sijonga kuphuhliso koomatshini bokwakha kule minyaka yakutsha nje, uphuhliso lweengcibi zikhawuleza kakhulu, kwaye abembi bezinto zakudala baye baba ngowona matshini ubalulekileyo wokwakha kulwakhiwo lobunjineli.

Isilayishi: Isetyenziselwa kakhulu ukuhlambulula, ukulayisha, ukukhulula, ukuhambisa umhlaba kunye nezixhobo ezininzi ezifana namatye.Isenokwenza imisebenzi elula yokuhlakula ematyeni nakwimihlaba eqinileyo.Ukuba utshintsha izixhobo zokusebenza ezahlukeneyo, unokuphinda ugqibezele umsebenzi we-bulldozing, ukuphakamisa, ukulayisha kunye nokukhulula ezinye izinto.Kulwakhiwo lohola wendlela, isetyenziswa ikakhulu ukugcwalisa kunye nokugrumba ubunjineli be-roadbed, iaggregate kunye nokulayishwa kwe-asphalt kunye neyadi yesamente yesamente.

Isine(4), yenzelwe kwiUmahluko wohlelo kwimodeliukujonga

I-excavators: inokwahlulwa ibe yi-excavators enkulu, i-excavators ephakathi, i-excavators encinci, i-excavators ye-crawler, i-wheel excavators, i-hydraulic excavators, i-excavators ye-mechanical, i-excavators yemigodi, i-excavators yaselwandle, i-excavators ekhethekileyo, njl iindidi ezahlukeneyo.

Abalayishi: Ngokwamandla enjini, bangohlulwa babe ngabalayishi abancinci, abalayishi abaphakathi kunye nabalayishi abakhulu.

Ukuhlelwa kwe-excavator

I-excavators inokohlulwa ibe yimihlakulo yangaphambili, i-backhoes, i-drag-lines kunye nemihlakulo yokubamba.Imihlakulo yangaphambili isetyenziswa kakhulu ukugrumba imathiriyeli ngaphezulu komphezulu, kwaye i-backhoes isetyenziswa kakhulu ukugrumba izinto ezingaphantsi komhlaba.

I-Backhoes Backhoes yeyona nto ixhaphakileyo esake sayibona, kunye ne-backward-down, cut inforcement.Ingasetyenziselwa ukugrumba ngaphantsi kwendawo yokusebenza yokuvala.Iindlela zokusebenza ezisisiseko zezi: ukugrunjwa kokuphela komsele, ukugrunjwa kwecala lomsele, ukugrunjwa komgca othe ngqo, ukugrumba okugobileyo, ukomba nge-engile ethile, ukugrunjwa komsele onzulu kakhulu kunye nokwembiwa kwethambeka lomsele.

I-excavator yomhlakulo wangaphambili

Ifom yesenzo somhlakulo we-excavator yomhlakulo wangaphambili.Iimpawu zayo "ziya phambili nangaphezulu, ukusika umhlaba ngenkani".Ifosholo yangaphambili inamandla amakhulu okumba kwaye inokugrumba umhlaba ngaphezu kwendawo yokumisa.Kufanelekile ukugrumba imingxuma yesiseko eyomileyo enobude obungaphezulu kwe-2m, kodwa iirempu ezinyuka nasezantsi kufuneka zimiswe.Ibhakethi yefosholo yangaphambili inkulu kune-backhoe excavator ye-equivator efanayo, kwaye iyakwazi ukukhupha izinto ezinomxholo wamanzi ongekho ngaphezu kwama-27%.

Ilori yokulahla inkunkuma iyasebenzisana ukugqiba ukugrumba kunye nomsebenzi wokuthutha, kwaye inokugrumba imingxuma emikhulu yesiseko esomileyo kunye neenduli.Indlela yokumba yefosholo yangaphambili isekelwe kumahluko phakathi kwendlela yokumba kunye nendawo ehambelanayo yesithuthi sokuthutha.Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokumba kunye nokukhulula: ukugrumba phambili kunye nokukhulula ngecala;ukugrumba phambili nokubuya umva Ukothula umhlaba.

Tsala umgcaumembi

Imigca yokutsala ikwabizwa ngokuba yilayini yokutsala.Iimpawu zokumbiwa kwayo zezi: "ngasemva nangaphantsi, ukusika umhlaba phantsi kobunzima bawo".Kufanelekile ukugrunjwa kweClass I kunye ne-II yomhlaba ngaphantsi kwendawo yokumisa.Xa usebenza, ibhakethi iphonswa ngaphandle kwamandla angenayo, kwaye umgama wokumba ukhulu kakhulu, kwaye i-radius yokumba kunye nokumba ubunzulu bukhulu, kodwa ayiguquki kwaye ichanekile njenge-backhoe.Ngokukodwa kufanelekile ukugrumba imingxuma yesiseko emikhulu kunye nenzulu okanye ukugrumba ngaphantsi kwamanzi.

Umlayishiluhlobo lomhlaba kunye noomatshini bokwakha amatye abasetyenziswa kakhulu kuhola wendlela, kuloliwe, kulwakhiwo, kumandla ombane, izibuko, umgodi kunye nezinye iiprojekthi zokwakha.Ubukhulu becala isetyenziselwa ukugalela imathiriyeli eninzi efana nomhlaba, isanti, ikalika, amalahle, njl. njl., umhlaba oqinileyo, njl.Isenokwenza i-bulldozing, ukuphakamisa kunye nokulayisha kunye nokukhulula ezinye izinto ezifana neenkuni ngokutshintsha izixhobo zokusebenza ezincedisayo ezahlukeneyo.Ezindleleni, ngakumbi kulwakhiwo lohola wendlela wodidi oluphezulu, izilayishi zisetyenziselwa ukugcwalisa kunye nokugrumba ubunjineli be-roadbed, iaggregate kunye nokulayishwa komxube we-asphalt kunye neyadi yesamente yesamente.Ukongeza, inokuphinda iqhube imisebenzi efana nokutyhala umhlaba, ukukrwela umhlaba kunye nokutsala abanye oomatshini.Ngenxa yokuba umlayishi uneengenelo zesantya sokusebenza ngokukhawuleza, ukusebenza kakuhle okuphezulu, ukulawuleka kakuhle, kunye nokusebenza ngokulula, iye yaba yenye yezona ntlobo ziphambili zokwakha umsebenzi womhlaba kulwakhiwo lobunjineli.

IIsihlanu(5), yenzelwe kwiyahlula kwisiceloukujonga

I-excavator: I-excavator sisithuthi sobunjineli esisetyenziselwa ukugrumba okanye ukuhambisa izinto ezinkulu.

Isilayishi: Isilayishi sisetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukuhlakula, ukulayisha, ukothula, ukushukuma komhlaba kunye nemathiriyeli eninzi efana namatye, kwaye inokwenza imisebenzi elula yokuhlakula ematyeni nakwimihlaba eqinileyo.Ukuba utshintsha izixhobo zokusebenza ezahlukeneyo, unokuphinda ugqibezele umsebenzi we-bulldozing, ukuphakamisa, ukulayisha kunye nokukhulula ezinye izinto.Kulwakhiwo lohola wendlela, isetyenziswa ikakhulu ukugcwalisa kunye nokugrumba ubunjineli be-roadbed, iaggregate kunye nokulayishwa kwe-asphalt kunye neyadi yesamente yesamente.

IIsithandathu(6), yenzelwe kwiamacandelo aphambiliukujonga

I-Excavator: Izakhiwo eziqhelekileyo ze-excavator ziquka iplanti yamandla, isixhobo esisebenzayo, indlela yokubulala, indlela yokuguqula, indlela yokuhambisa, indlela yokuhamba kunye nezixhobo ezincedisayo.Awona macandelo aphambili e-chassis yokumba zezi: iirola, ii-idler, ii-sprockets, amazinyo okuqhuba, izihlangu zomkhondo, kunye neendibano zikaloliwe.

Isilayishi: kubandakanya i-injini, isiguquli setorque, ibhokisi yegiya, iiasi zokuqhuba ngaphambili nangasemva, ezibizwa ngokuba ziindawo ezine eziphambili.

Umsebenzi wahlukile.Isilayishi sisetyenziselwa kakhulu ukuhlambulula izinto ezininzi ezifana nomhlaba, isanti, ikalika, amalahle, njl. -umatshini wokuhambisa kwi-stockyard.Izinto ezigrunjiweyo zingumhlaba, amalahle, intlenga yentlenga, umhlaba kunye namatye emva kokukhululwa kwe-pr.Ulwakhiwo kunye nomgaqo-siseko nazo zahluke kakhulu.

I-excavators, eyenzelwe ngokukodwa ukumba, kodwa inokulayishwa

Umlayishi wenzelwe ngokukodwa ukulayisha.Ayinakusetyenziselwa ukugrumba.Ukulayishwa kwe-excavator akukhawulezi njengoko umlayishi.

Abenzi be-excavators basebenza ngaphantsi komgangatho womhlaba, ngelixa ii-forklifts zihlala zisebenza ngaphezu komgangatho womhlaba.I-excavator inokusebenza okudlulayo okunamandla kwaye ifanelekile kwiindawo apho izithuthi azikwazi ukuhamba njengemigodi.I-forklift inokulawuleka kakhulu kwaye ihlala ijikeleza endleleni.

I-excavator ngumatshini ohambisa umhlaba osebenzisa ibhakethi ukumba izinto ezingaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi komphezulu womatshini, kwaye ulayishe kwisithuthi sokuthutha okanye ukukhulula kwi-stockyard.I-excavators yenye yezona ntlobo zibalulekileyo zoomatshini bokwakha kulwakhiwo lobunjineli.Zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukugrumba iziseko zesakhiwo kunye neworkshop, ukugrumba imathiriyeli yomhlaba, ukususa umthwalo onzima wentsimi yemigodi, iikwari, iitonela, iiworkshops eziphantsi komhlaba kunye nempahla egciniweyo.Ngexesha lokulayisha imisebenzi, ukumba imijelo, imijelo kunye nokudilizwa kwemijelo yamanzi, ukugalela kunye nokuphakamisa emva kokutshintsha izixhobo zokusebenza.

Ukuthetha jikelele,umlayishi luhlobo lomhlaba kunye noomatshini bokwakha amatye abasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuhola wendlela, uloliwe, ulwakhiwo, umbane wamanzi, izibuko, umgodi kunye nezinye iiprojekthi zokwakha.Isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukulayisha ngomhlakulo womhlaba, isanti, ikalika, amalahle kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi.Isenokusetyenziswa nakwimihlakulo elula kunye nemisebenzi yokwemba kwintsimbi ekrwada nakwimihlaba eqinileyo.Isenokwenza i-bulldozing, ukuphakamisa kunye nokulayisha kunye nokukhulula ezinye izinto ezifana neenkuni ngokutshintsha izixhobo zokusebenza ezincedisayo ezahlukeneyo.Ezindleleni, ngakumbi ekwakhiweni koohola beendlela zomgangatho ophezulu, abalayishi basetyenziselwa ukugcwalisa kunye nokugrumba ubunjineli be-roadbed, i-aggregate kunye nokulayishwa komxube we-asphalt kunye neyadi yesamente yesamente.Ukongeza, inokuphinda iqhube imisebenzi efana nokutyhala umhlaba, ukukrwela umhlaba kunye nokutsala abanye oomatshini.Ngenxa yokuba umlayishi uneengenelo zesantya sokusebenza ngokukhawuleza, ukusebenza kakuhle okuphezulu, ukulawuleka kakuhle, kunye nokusebenza ngokulula, iye yaba yenye yezona ntlobo ziphambili zokwakha umsebenzi womhlaba kulwakhiwo lobunjineli.

Zomibini yimisebenzi yomhlaba, kwaye ibhakethi ye-excavator (eyaziwa ngokuba ngumatshini we-hook) inokuhamba ngaphantsi komgca othe tye.I-emele yomlayishi ingaba ngaphezulu komgca othe tye.Umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini kukuba zineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zinokubuyisela enye kwenye.Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zento nganye.Ngaphantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, ubuninzi bezinto eziphathekayo kwi-plane ethe tyaba zilayishwe kwi-loader, enomthamo omkhulu webhakethi, ukunyakaza okuguquguqukayo, ukusebenza kakuhle kokulayisha kunye noqoqosho oluhle.Nangona kunjalo, ukulayishwa kwezinto eziphathekayo kunye nomsebenzi wokwemba ngaphantsi kwinqanaba unokwenziwa kuphela kunye nabenzi be-excavators.