I-Excavator, eyaziwa ngokuba ngoomatshini bokwemba, iemhlabeni umatshini osebenzisa ibhakethi ukumba izinto ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kwendawo yokuthwala kwaye uyilayishe kwisithuthi sothutho okanye ukuyothula kwi-stockyard.Ngeli xesha senze uhlalutyo olucacileyo lwenkqubo yokuhamba ye-excavator kunye neempazamo eziqhelekileyo.
1. Inkqubo yokuhamba nge-excavator
(1) Iimpawu zesixhobo sokuhamba
Ngenxa yokuba isixhobo sokuhamba sinemisebenzi emibini yokuxhasa kunye nokusebenza kwe-hydraulic excavator, isixhobo sokuhamba se-hydraulic excavator kufuneka sihlangabezane nezi mfuno zilandelayo kangangoko kunokwenzeka:
1. Kufuneka ibe namandla amakhulu okuqhuba, ukwenzela ukuba i-excavator ibe nokusebenza kakuhle kokupasa, ukunyuka kwentsebenzo kunye nokusebenza kokulawula xa uhamba kumhlaba omanzi okanye othambileyo okanye ongalinganiyo.
2 Phantsi kwesiseko sokunganyusi umphakamo wesixhobo sokubaleka, umgcini we-excavator unomhlaba omkhulu wokucoceka wokuphucula ukusebenza kwawo ngaphandle kwendlela kumhlaba ongalinganiyo.
3. Isixhobo esihambahambayo sinendawo enkulu yokuxhasa okanye incinci encinci yoxinzelelo oluthile lokuphucula ukuzinza kwe-excavator.
4. Xa i-excavator ihla kwi-slope, i-phenomenon ye-sliding kunye ne-overspeed sliding ayiyi kwenzeka, ukwenzela ukuba kuphuculwe ukhuseleko lwe-excavator.
5. Imilinganiselo iyonke yesixhobo sokuhamba kufuneka ihlangabezane neemfuno zothutho lwendlela.
Isixhobo sokuhamba se-hydraulic excavator sinokuhlulwa sibe ngamacandelo amabini: uhlobo lwe-crawler kunye nohlobo lwetayara ngokwesakhiwo.
(2) Izixhobo zokugrumba izirhubuluzi namatayara
1. Isixhobo sokuhamba sohlobo lweCrawler
Isixhobo sokuhamba sodidi lwesigaqi senziwe “ngamavili amane kunye nebhanti elinye” (Idler, toproller,track roller,sprocekt rim,track link assy), isixhobo soxinzelelo kunye nesiphethu sebuffer, indlela yokuhamba, isakhelo sokuhamba, njl. njl. ukubaleka, ivili lokuqhuba liqhuba iYin kunye nokumisa iYin (ukuxhasa iYin) kwicala eliqinileyo lomkhondo ukuvelisa amandla okutsala, kumzamo wokutsala umkhondo ngaphandle kwerola yomzila, kuba umzila ophantsi kwevili lomzila unokunamathela okwaneleyo. emhlabeni., ukuthintela ukutsalwa komzila, ukunyanzela ivili lokuqhuba ukuba uqhube umzila, kunye nevili lesikhokelo ukubeka umzila emhlabeni, ukwenzela ukuba i-excavator iqhube phambili ecaleni kwendlela nge-roller.
2. Isixhobo sokuhamba sohlobo lwevili.Zininzi iintlobo zolwakhiwo lwesixhobo sokuhamba se-hydraulic excavator.Kukho i-chassis yetrektara enamavili esebenzisa i-chassis yemoto eqhelekileyo, kodwa uhlobo lwetayara ukugrunjwa kwe-hydraulic enomthamo we-emele enkulu kancinci kunye neemfuno eziphezulu zokusebenza zisebenzisa i-chassis ekhethekileyo enamavili aqhutywayo.
I-1) Akukho zikhupha, zonke iivili zihamba, i-turntable ihlelwe phakathi kwee-axles ezimbini, kwaye ii-axles ezimbini zine-wheelbase efanayo.Iingenelo kukuba i-outriggers ishiywe, isakhiwo silula, ukusebenza kukulungele kwiindawo zokwakha ezincinci, kunye nokuhamba kakuhle.Ukungalungi kukuba i-axle yokulawula inesithintelo esikhulu esibi xa i-excavator ihamba, kwaye umsebenzi wokuqhuba unzima okanye isixhobo sokuncedisa i-hydraulic kufuneka sifakwe.Ngoko ke, isixhobo esihambayo sesi sakhiwo sifanelekile kuphela kwi-excavators encinci ye-hydraulic.
I-2) I-double outriggers, i-wheel drive yonke, i-turntable ixhomekeke kwelinye icala le-axis esisigxina (i-axle yangasemva).Iimpawu zayo zezi: nciphisa umthwalo we-axle yokulawula kwaye wenze umsebenzi wokuqhuba ube lula;i-outriggers ifakwe kwicala le-shaft esisigxina ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwe-excavator ngexesha lokusebenza.Olu hlobo lwesixhobo sokuhamba lusetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-excavators encinci ye-hydraulic.
3) Imilenze emine, i-single-axis drive, i-turntable ikude neziko.Iimpawu zayo zezi: uzinzo oluhle.Ukungalungi kukuba: ukuqhuba kumhlaba othambileyo kuya kwenza imingxuma yamavili amathathu, ukuxhathisa ukuqhuba kuya kwanda, kwaye uzinzo olusecaleni lwe-chassis yefulcrum emithathu luhlwempuzekile.Ngoko ke, olu hlobo lwesixhobo sokuhamba lufanelekile kuphela kwii-excavators ezincinci.
4) Imilenze emine, i-wheel drive yonke, i-turntable isondele kwicala le-axle esisigxina (i-axle yangasemva).Iimpawu zayo zezi: kulula ukusebenza, iimfuno eziphantsi emhlabeni.
Uhlalutyo lweempazamo ezimbini eziqhelekileyo kunye nokusombulula ingxaki
1. Isantya senjini siyehla
Okokuqala, vavanya amandla emveliso ye-injini ngokwayo.Ukuba amandla okukhutshwa kwe-injini angaphantsi kwamandla alinganisiweyo, unobangela wokungaphumeleli unokuba ngumgangatho ophantsi we-fuel, uxinzelelo lwe-fuel oluphantsi, ukukhutshwa kwevalve engalunganga, isilinda esithile se-injini ayisebenzi, ixesha lokutofa kwe-fuel alilunganga, i-fuel Ixabiso lokumisela lobuninzi alichanekanga, inkqubo yokungenisa umoya iyavuza, i-brake kunye ne-joystick yayo ayilungile, kwaye i-turbocharger yi-coke.
2. Ukuba amandla okukhutshwa kwe-injini aqhelekileyo, kufuneka ukhangele ukuba ngaba isiqhumiso kuba isantya sokuhamba kwepompo ye-hydraulic ayihambelani namandla aphumayo enjini.Isantya se-excavator ye-hydraulic ihambelana ngokungafaniyo noxinzelelo olubi ngexesha lokusebenza, oko kukuthi, imveliso yesantya sokuhamba kunye noxinzelelo oluphumayo lwempompo luhlala luhlala, kwaye amandla okukhutshwa kwempompo ahlala ehlala okanye aphantse rhoqo.Ukuba inkqubo yokulawula impompo ayiphumelelanga, umgangatho ohambelana nomthwalo wenjini, ipompo kunye ne-valve kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza aziyi kufumaneka, kwaye i-excavator ayiyi kusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo.Ukusilela okunjalo kufuneka kuqale ngenkqubo yombane, emva koko ujonge inkqubo ye-hydraulic, kwaye ekugqibeleni ujonge inkqubo yokuhanjiswa komatshini.
3. I-excavator ayinamandla
Ukugrumba okungenamandla yenye yeempazamo eziqhelekileyo zabembi.Ubuthathaka ekumbiweni bunokwahlulwa lube ziindidi ezimbini: enye bubuthathaka ekugrunjweni, injini ayibambeli imoto, kwaye umthwalo ulula kakhulu:
Uhlobo lwesibini lubuthathaka ekugrunjweni.Xa i-boom okanye intonga isolulelwe ezantsi, injini iyaminxeka kakhulu okanye ide ime.
1. Ukugrunjwa kubuthathaka kodwa injini ayiyibambi imoto.Ubungakanani bamandla okumba bumiselwa luxinzelelo oluphumayo lwempompo ephambili, kwaye nokuba i-injini ibhulekiwe kuxhomekeke kubudlelwane phakathi kokufunxwa kwempompo yeoli kwikhabhathi ejikelezayo kunye netorque ephumayo yenjini.Inyani yokuba injini ayibambeki ibonisa ukuba impompo yeoli ifunxa ikhabhathi encinci ejikelezayo kwaye umthwalo we-injini ulula.Ukuba akukho nto ingaqhelekanga kwisantya sokusebenza se-excavator, uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwemveliso yempompo ephambili, oko kukuthi, uxinzelelo lwenkqubo yokuphuphuma, kufuneka luhlolwe.
2. Ukuba ixabiso elilinganisiweyo loxinzelelo lokuphuphuma lingaphantsi kwexabiso elichaziweyo, libonisa ukuba ixabiso lokumisela i-valve yokukhulula i-valve ye-hydraulic circuit ye-mechachan ayichanekanga, nto leyo ebangela ukuba umatshini uphuphume ngaphambi kwexesha kwaye usebenze ngokubuthathaka. .Emva koko umatshini unokulungiswa ngokuguqula isikrufu sokulungelelanisa.
3. Ukugrunjwa kubuthathaka, kwaye injini iyahlala.Indawo yokutyela ye-injini ibonisa ukuba i-torque yokufunxa yempompo yeoli inkulu kunetorque ye-injini, ebangela ukuba injini idubule.Olu hlobo lokusilela kufuneka luqale lujonge ukuba ingaba inkqubo yesantya se-injini iqhelekile na, kwaye indlela yokuhlola iyafana nendlela yokuhlola injini echazwe ngasentla.Emva kokuhlolwa okuchazwe ngasentla kunye nokucocwa kweengxaki, inkqubo yokuvavanya isantya se-injini ibuyela kumsebenzi wesiqhelo, isiganeko sokuhlala kwe-injini siyanyamalala, kwaye amandla okumba abuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo.
4. Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo kwinkqubo yokumba, ezinye iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo ezihlala zivela kwi-excavator kumsebenzi wokwakha, njengale: i-excavator ibaleka, isizathu sinokuthi i-oil yokuhambisa i-oil seal (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-rotary center). i-joint oil seal) yonakaliswe: I-hydraulic cylinder Ukuvuza ngokukhawuleza kunokuthetha ukuba i-valve yokukhusela i-valve ayivalwanga ngokuqinileyo, okanye i-oyile ye-oyile ye-cylinder yonakaliswe kakhulu, njl.
5. Ukugcinwa kwansuku zonke kwe-excavator Ukuthintela ukungaphumeleli kwe-excavator, kuyimfuneko ukubeka ingqalelo enkulu ekugcinweni kwe-excavator ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwansuku zonke.
Ukugcinwa kwemihla ngemihla kubandakanya ukujonga, ukucocwa okanye ukutshintsha indawo yokucoca umoya: ukucoca ngaphakathi kwenkqubo yokupholisa: ukujonga kunye nokuqinisa iibholithi zezihlangu zomzila: ukujonga kunye nokulungelelanisa umva we-tension: ukujonga i-heater yokungenisa umoya: ukubuyisela amazinyo ebhakethi: ukulungelelanisa i ukukhutshwa kwebhakethi: ukujonga ifestile yangaphambili Ukucoca inqanaba le-fluid: Jonga kwaye ulungise i-air conditioner;coca umgangatho kwi-cab;buyisela icebo lokucoca isityuli (ukhetho).
Kusekho iimpazamo ezininzi ezifunyanwa ngabembi bemisebenzi yemihla ngemihla.Nantsi nje isingeniso kwiindlela zokugcinwa kweentlobo ezininzi eziqhelekileyo zeempazamo, kwaye injongo kukunciphisa ukuvela kweempazamo, okubaluleke kakhulu ekugcinweni kwansuku zonke kwabase-excavators.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-27-2022
