Ukuthetha malunga nabembi (2)

Abembi bezinto eziqhelekileyo

Ii-excavators eziqhelekileyo zahlulwe zazintlobo ezimbini: ii-excavators eziqhutywa yi-injini yokutsha kunye ne-excavators eqhutywa ngumbane.Phakathi kwabo, i-excavators yombane isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-plateau hypoxia, imigodi engaphantsi komhlaba kunye nezinye iindawo ezinokutsha kunye neziqhushumbisi.
Ngokobukhulu obahlukeneyo, abembi bezinto zakudala banokwahlulwa babe ngabagrumbi abakhulu, abembi abaphakathi kunye nabembi abancinci.
Ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuhamba, abembi bangohlulwa babe ngabakhandi abakhasayo kunye nabembi abanamavili.
Ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zothumelo, abembi bangohlulwa babe zii-hydraulic excavators kunye ne-excavators ngoomatshini.Abenzi bemigodi abangoomatshini basetyenziswa ikakhulu kwimigodi emikhulu.
Ngokwenjongo, abenzi bemigodi banokuthi bahlulwe babe ngabafaki-jikelele, abaqhubi bemigodi, abacubunguli baselwandle, abaqhubi abakhethekileyo, njl.
Ngokwe-emele, abembi bangohlulwa babe yifotsholo yangaphambili, i-backhoe, i-dragline kunye ne-grab shovel.Imihlakulo yangaphambili isetyenziswa kakhulu ukugrumba imathiriyeli ngaphezulu komphezulu, kwaye i-backhoes isetyenziswa kakhulu ukugrumba izinto ezingaphantsi komhlaba.
1. I-backhoe Uhlobo lwe-backhoe lolona luxhaphakileyo esilubonileyo, umva ezantsi, ukusika umhlaba ngenkani.Ingasetyenziselwa ukugrumba ngaphantsi kwendawo yokusebenza yokuvala.Iindlela zokusebenza ezisisiseko zezi: ukugrunjwa kokuphela komsele, ukugrunjwa kwecala lomsele, ukugrunjwa komgca othe tye, ukugrunjwa kwegophe, ukugcinwa kwe-engile ethile, ukugrunjwa komsele onzulu kunye nokwembiwa kwethambeka lomsele, njl.
2. I-excavator yomhlakulo wangaphambili
Ifom yesenzo somhlakulo we-excavator yomhlakulo wangaphambili.Uphawu lwayo "ukuya phambili nangaphezulu, ukusika umhlaba ngenkani".Ifosholo yangaphambili inamandla amakhulu okumba kwaye inokugrumba umhlaba ngaphezu kwendawo yokumisa.Kufanelekile ukugrumba imingxuma yesiseko eyomileyo enobude obungaphezulu kwe-2m, kodwa iirempu ezinyuka nasezantsi kufuneka zimiswe.Ibhakethi yefosholo yangaphambili inkulu kune-backhoe excavator ye-equivator efanayo, kwaye iyakwazi ukukhupha izinto ezinomxholo wamanzi ongekho ngaphezu kwama-27%.
Ukuya kwiintlobo ezintathu zomhlaba, kunye nokusebenzisana nelori yokulahla ukugqiba yonke imisebenzi yokwemba kunye nokuthutha, kwaye inokugrumba imingxuma enkulu eyomileyo yesiseko kunye neenduli.Indlela yokumba yefosholo yangaphambili isekelwe kumahluko phakathi kwendlela yokumba kunye nendawo ehambelanayo yesithuthi sokuthutha.Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokumba kunye nokothula umhlaba: ukugrumba phambili, ukukhulula ngecala;ukugrumba phambili, umva.Ukothula umhlaba.
3. I-excavator yotsalo
Imigca yokutsala ikwabizwa ngokuba yimigca yokutsala.Iimpawu zokumbiwa kwayo zezi: "ngasemva nangaphantsi, ukusika umhlaba phantsi kobunzima bawo".Kufanelekile ukugrunjwa kweClass I kunye ne-II yomhlaba ngaphantsi kwendawo yokumisa.Xa usebenza, ibhakethi iphonswa ngaphandle kwamandla angenayo, kwaye umgama wokumba ukhulu kakhulu, kwaye i-radius yokumba kunye nokumba ubunzulu bukhulu, kodwa ayiguquki kwaye ichanekile njenge-backhoe.Ngokukodwa kufanelekile ukugrumba imingxuma yesiseko emikhulu kunye nenzulu okanye ukugrumba ngaphantsi kwamanzi.
4. Bamba kunye ne-excavator yomhlakulo
I-excavator yokubamba ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-grab excavator.Iimpawu zokumbiwa kwayo zezi: "Ngqo phezulu naphantsi, ukusika umhlaba phantsi kobunzima bawo".Kufanelekile ukugrunjwa kweClass I kunye ne-II yomhlaba ngaphantsi kwendawo yokumisa, kwaye isoloko isetyenziselwa ukugrumba imingxuma yesiseko kunye ne-caissons kwiindawo ezithambileyo zomhlaba.Kufanelekile ngokukodwa ukumba imingxuma yesiseko enzulu kunye nemxinwa, ukukhupha iziteshi ezindala, ukugrumba i-silt emanzini, njl., okanye ukulayisha izinto ezikhululekile ezifana negrabile kunye ne-slag.Kukho iindidi ezimbini zokomba: ukugrunjwa kwecala lomsele kunye nokwembiwa kwendawo.Ukuba i-grab yenziwe kwigridi, ingasetyenziselwa ukulayisha iibhloko ze-ore, iinkuni zokhuni, iinkuni, njl njl kwi-log yard.
I-hydraulic azimuth excavator epheleleyo
Uninzi lwabembi banamhlanje bangama-azimuth asebenza ngokupheleleyo ngokugrumba.I-hydraulic excavators yenziwa ikakhulu yi-injini, inkqubo ye-hydraulic, isixhobo esisebenzayo, isixhobo sokuhamba kunye nolawulo lombane.Inkqubo ye-hydraulic iqukethe ipompo ye-hydraulic, i-valve yokulawula, i-cylinder ye-hydraulic, i-hydraulic motor, ipayipi, itanki yamafutha, njl.
I-hydraulic excavators ngokubanzi yenziwe ngamacandelo amathathu: isixhobo esisebenzayo, umzimba ophezulu kunye nomzimba ophantsi.Ngokwesakhiwo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo, inokwahlulwa ibe: uhlobo lwe-crawler, uhlobo lwetayara, uhlobo lokuhamba, i-hydraulic epheleleyo, i-semi-hydraulic, ukujikeleza okupheleleyo, ukujikeleza okungaphelelanga, uhlobo oluqhelekileyo, uhlobo olukhethekileyo, uhlobo olucacileyo, uhlobo lwe-telescopic boom kunye ezinye iintlobo.
Isixhobo esisebenzayo sisixhobo esigqibezela ngokuthe ngqo umsebenzi wokumba.Ixhomekeke kumacandelo amathathu: i-boom, intonga kunye ne-emele.Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yokwakha, i-excavators ye-hydraulic inokuxhotyiswa ngezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza, ezifana nokumba, ukuphakamisa, ukulayisha, ukulinganisa, i-clamps, i-bulldozing, i-hammer yempembelelo, i-rotary drilling kunye nezinye izixhobo zokusebenza.
Isixhobo sokubulala kunye nokuhamba ngumzimba we-hydraulic excavator, kwaye inxalenye ephezulu ye-turntable inikwe isixhobo samandla kunye nenkqubo yokuhambisa.I-injini ngumthombo wamandla we-excavator ye-hydraulic, uninzi lwayo lusebenzisa i-oyile ye-diesel kwindawo efanelekileyo, kwaye inokusebenzisa injini yombane endaweni yoko.
Inkqubo yokuhanjiswa kwe-hydraulic idlulisela amandla e-injini kwi-injini ye-hydraulic, i-cylinder ye-hydraulic kunye nezinye i-actuator ngepompo ye-hydraulic, kwaye ityhale isenzo sesixhobo esisebenzayo ukugqiba imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo.